From a880fdea82a0cf144056d715af6c49c467def7ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Dillon <mrdillon@alaska.edu>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2015 14:45:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Errors package

---
 api/characteristics.go    | 47 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 api/helpers.go            | 10 ++++++++
 api/measurements.go       | 29 +++++++++++----------
 api/species.go            | 31 +++++++++++-----------
 api/strains.go            | 41 ++++++++++++++---------------
 api/users.go              | 54 ++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 errors/auth.go            |  7 +++++
 errors/characteristics.go |  8 ++++++
 errors/helpers.go         |  7 +++++
 errors/measurements.go    |  7 +++++
 errors/species.go         |  8 ++++++
 errors/strains.go         |  8 ++++++
 errors/types.go           |  7 +++++
 errors/users.go           | 11 ++++++++
 handlers/handlers.go      | 30 +++++++++++-----------
 handlers/helpers.go       | 10 ++++++++
 helpers/helpers.go        |  3 ---
 models/characteristics.go |  9 ++-----
 models/measurements.go    | 10 ++------
 models/species.go         |  9 ++-----
 models/strains.go         |  9 ++-----
 models/users.go           | 17 ++++--------
 types/error_json.go       |  7 -----
 types/null_slice_int64.go |  5 ++--
 24 files changed, 215 insertions(+), 169 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 api/helpers.go
 create mode 100644 errors/auth.go
 create mode 100644 errors/characteristics.go
 create mode 100644 errors/helpers.go
 create mode 100644 errors/measurements.go
 create mode 100644 errors/species.go
 create mode 100644 errors/strains.go
 create mode 100644 errors/types.go
 create mode 100644 errors/users.go
 create mode 100644 handlers/helpers.go

diff --git a/api/characteristics.go b/api/characteristics.go
index 8727a00..d210a16 100644
--- a/api/characteristics.go
+++ b/api/characteristics.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/payloads"
@@ -21,46 +22,46 @@ func (c CharacteristicService) Unmarshal(b []byte) (types.Entity, error) {
 
 func (c CharacteristicService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	if val == nil {
-		return nil, helpers.ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON
+		return nil, NewJSONError(errors.MustProvideOptions, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	var opt helpers.ListOptions
 	if err := helpers.SchemaDecoder.Decode(&opt, *val); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristics, err := models.ListCharacteristics(opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains_opt, err := models.StrainOptsFromCharacteristics(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.ListStrains(*strains_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species_opt, err := models.SpeciesOptsFromStrains(*strains_opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.ListSpecies(*species_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	measurements_opt, err := models.MeasurementOptsFromCharacteristics(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	measurements, err := models.ListMeasurements(*measurements_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Characteristics{
@@ -79,27 +80,27 @@ func (c CharacteristicService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (type
 func (c CharacteristicService) Get(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	characteristic, err := models.GetCharacteristic(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, strain_opts, err := models.StrainsFromCharacteristicId(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species_opt, err := models.SpeciesOptsFromStrains(*strain_opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.ListSpecies(*species_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	measurements, _, err := models.MeasurementsFromCharacteristicId(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Characteristic{
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ func (c CharacteristicService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, c
 	// First, handle Characteristic Type
 	id, err := models.InsertOrGetCharacteristicType(payload.Characteristic.CharacteristicType, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload.Characteristic.CanEdit = helpers.CanEdit(claims, payload.Characteristic.CreatedBy)
@@ -129,26 +130,26 @@ func (c CharacteristicService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, c
 	// TODO: fix this
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(payload.Characteristic.CharacteristicBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
 		// TODO: fix this
-		return types.NewJSONError(models.ErrCharacteristicNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.CharacteristicNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
 	}
 
 	strains, strain_opts, err := models.StrainsFromCharacteristicId(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species_opt, err := models.SpeciesOptsFromStrains(*strain_opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.ListSpecies(*species_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload.Strains = strains
@@ -166,19 +167,19 @@ func (c CharacteristicService) Create(e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *typ
 
 	id, err := models.InsertOrGetCharacteristicType(payload.Characteristic.CharacteristicType, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	payload.Characteristic.CharacteristicTypeId = id
 
 	// TODO: fix this
 	err = models.DBH.Insert(payload.Characteristic.CharacteristicBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristic, err := models.GetCharacteristic(payload.Characteristic.Id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload.Characteristic = characteristic
diff --git a/api/helpers.go b/api/helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6c0317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package api
+
+import "github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
+
+func NewJSONError(err error, status int) *types.AppError {
+	return &types.AppError{
+		Error:  types.ErrorJSON{Err: err},
+		Status: status,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/api/measurements.go b/api/measurements.go
index d09c38c..0e708b6 100644
--- a/api/measurements.go
+++ b/api/measurements.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/payloads"
@@ -21,36 +22,36 @@ func (s MeasurementService) Unmarshal(b []byte) (types.Entity, error) {
 
 func (m MeasurementService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	if val == nil {
-		return nil, helpers.ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON
+		return nil, NewJSONError(errors.MustProvideOptions, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	var opt helpers.MeasurementListOptions
 	if err := helpers.SchemaDecoder.Decode(&opt, *val); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	measurements, err := models.ListMeasurements(opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	char_opts, err := models.CharacteristicOptsFromMeasurements(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristics, err := models.ListCharacteristics(*char_opts, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strain_opts, err := models.StrainOptsFromMeasurements(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.ListStrains(*strain_opts, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Measurements{
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func (m MeasurementService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.E
 func (m MeasurementService) Get(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	measurement, err := models.GetMeasurement(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Measurement{
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ func (s MeasurementService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, clai
 	if payload.Measurement.TextMeasurementType.Valid {
 		id, err := models.GetTextMeasurementTypeId(payload.Measurement.TextMeasurementType.String)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		payload.Measurement.TextMeasurementTypeId.Int64 = id
 		payload.Measurement.TextMeasurementTypeId.Valid = true
@@ -92,16 +93,16 @@ func (s MeasurementService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, clai
 	// TODO: fix this
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(payload.Measurement.MeasurementBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
 		// TODO: fix this
-		return types.NewJSONError(models.ErrStrainNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.StrainNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
 	}
 
 	measurement, err := models.GetMeasurement(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload.Measurement = measurement
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func (m MeasurementService) Delete(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims)
 	// TODO: fix this
 	_, err := models.DBH.Exec(q, id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ func (m MeasurementService) Create(e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *types.
 
 	// TODO: fix this
 	if err := models.DBH.Insert(payload.Measurement.MeasurementBase); err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/api/species.go b/api/species.go
index 23950db..fc4ea36 100644
--- a/api/species.go
+++ b/api/species.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/payloads"
@@ -21,26 +22,26 @@ func (s SpeciesService) Unmarshal(b []byte) (types.Entity, error) {
 
 func (s SpeciesService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	if val == nil {
-		return nil, helpers.ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON
+		return nil, NewJSONError(errors.MustProvideOptions, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	var opt helpers.ListOptions
 	if err := helpers.SchemaDecoder.Decode(&opt, *val); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.ListSpecies(opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains_opt, err := models.StrainOptsFromSpecies(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.ListStrains(*strains_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.ManySpecies{
@@ -57,12 +58,12 @@ func (s SpeciesService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entit
 func (s SpeciesService) Get(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.StrainsFromSpeciesId(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Species{
@@ -83,29 +84,29 @@ func (s SpeciesService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *
 
 	genus_id, err := models.GenusIdFromName(genus)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	payload.Species.SpeciesBase.GenusID = genus_id
 
 	// TODO: fix this
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(payload.Species.SpeciesBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
 		// TODO: fix this
-		return types.NewJSONError(models.ErrSpeciesNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.SpeciesNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
 	}
 
 	// Reload to send back down the wire
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.StrainsFromSpeciesId(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload.Species = species
@@ -124,20 +125,20 @@ func (s SpeciesService) Create(e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *types.Clai
 
 	genus_id, err := models.GenusIdFromName(genus)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	payload.Species.SpeciesBase.GenusID = genus_id
 
 	// TODO: fix this
 	err = models.DBH.Insert(payload.Species.SpeciesBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	// Reload to send back down the wire
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(payload.Species.Id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	// Note, no strains when new species
diff --git a/api/strains.go b/api/strains.go
index 1233230..bb3ad22 100644
--- a/api/strains.go
+++ b/api/strains.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/payloads"
@@ -21,36 +22,36 @@ func (s StrainService) Unmarshal(b []byte) (types.Entity, error) {
 
 func (s StrainService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	if val == nil {
-		return nil, helpers.ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON
+		return nil, NewJSONError(errors.MustProvideOptions, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	var opt helpers.ListOptions
 	if err := helpers.SchemaDecoder.Decode(&opt, *val); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strains, err := models.ListStrains(opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species_opt, err := models.SpeciesOptsFromStrains(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.ListSpecies(*species_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristics_opt, err := models.CharacteristicsOptsFromStrains(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristics, err := models.ListCharacteristics(*characteristics_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristic_ids := []int64{}
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func (s StrainService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity
 
 	measurements, err := models.ListMeasurements(measurement_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	payload := payloads.Strains{
@@ -92,23 +93,23 @@ func (s StrainService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity
 func (s StrainService) Get(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	strain, err := models.GetStrain(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(strain.SpeciesId, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	opt := helpers.ListOptions{Genus: genus, Ids: []int64{id}}
 	characteristics_opt, err := models.CharacteristicsOptsFromStrains(opt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristics, err := models.ListCharacteristics(*characteristics_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	characteristic_ids := []int64{}
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ func (s StrainService) Get(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (types.
 
 	measurements, err := models.ListMeasurements(measurement_opt, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	var many_species models.ManySpecies = []*models.Species{species}
@@ -152,21 +153,21 @@ func (s StrainService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *t
 	// TODO: fix this
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(payload.Strain.StrainBase)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
 		// TODO: fix this
-		return types.NewJSONError(models.ErrStrainNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.StrainNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
 	}
 
 	strain, err := models.GetStrain(id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(strain.SpeciesId, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	var many_species models.ManySpecies = []*models.Species{species}
@@ -187,17 +188,17 @@ func (s StrainService) Create(e *types.Entity, genus string, claims *types.Claim
 
 	// TODO: fix this
 	if err := models.DBH.Insert(payload.Strain.StrainBase); err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	strain, err := models.GetStrain(payload.Strain.Id, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	species, err := models.GetSpecies(strain.SpeciesId, genus, claims)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	var many_species models.ManySpecies = []*models.Species{species}
diff --git a/api/users.go b/api/users.go
index 45ac7ac..d0053ed 100644
--- a/api/users.go
+++ b/api/users.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/mailgun/mailgun-go"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/auth"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/payloads"
@@ -20,11 +20,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	// TODO: fix this
-	ErrUserNotFoundJSON      = types.NewJSONError(models.ErrUserNotFound, http.StatusNotFound)
-	ErrUserNotUpdatedJSON    = types.NewJSONError(models.ErrUserNotUpdated, http.StatusBadRequest)
-	ErrEmailAddressTakenJSON = types.NewJSONError(models.ErrEmailAddressTaken, http.StatusBadRequest)
-	MgAccts                  = make(map[string]mailgun.Mailgun)
+	MgAccts = make(map[string]mailgun.Mailgun)
 )
 
 type UserService struct{}
@@ -37,11 +33,11 @@ func (u UserService) Unmarshal(b []byte) (types.Entity, error) {
 
 func (u UserService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity, *types.AppError) {
 	if val == nil {
-		return nil, helpers.ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON
+		return nil, NewJSONError(errors.MustProvideOptions, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	var opt helpers.ListOptions
 	if err := helpers.SchemaDecoder.Decode(&opt, *val); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: fix this
@@ -52,7 +48,7 @@ func (u UserService) List(val *url.Values, claims *types.Claims) (types.Entity,
 		WHERE verified IS TRUE
 		AND deleted_at IS NULL;`
 	if err := models.DBH.Select(&users, sql); err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	return &users, nil
 }
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ func (u UserService) Get(id int64, dummy string, claims *types.Claims) (types.En
 	user, err := models.DbGetUserById(id)
 	user.Password = ""
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return nil, NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	user.CanEdit = claims.Role == "A" || id == claims.Sub
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ func (u UserService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *typ
 
 	original_user, err := models.DbGetUserById(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	user.Id = id
@@ -96,10 +92,10 @@ func (u UserService) Update(id int64, e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *typ
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(user)
 	user.Password = ""
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
-		return ErrUserNotUpdatedJSON
+		return NewJSONError(errors.UserNotUpdated, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -115,7 +111,7 @@ func (u UserService) Create(e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *types.Claims)
 	user.UpdatedAt = ct
 	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(user.Password), 12)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	user.Password = string(hash)
 	user.Role = "R"
@@ -125,10 +121,10 @@ func (u UserService) Create(e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *types.Claims)
 	if err := models.DBH.Insert(user); err != nil {
 		if err, ok := err.(*pq.Error); ok {
 			if err.Code == "23505" {
-				return ErrEmailAddressTakenJSON
+				return NewJSONError(errors.EmailAddressTaken, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			}
 		}
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	user.Password = "password" // don't want to send the hashed PW back to the client
@@ -137,12 +133,12 @@ func (u UserService) Create(e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *types.Claims)
 	// TODO: move helpers.GenerateNonce
 	nonce, err := helpers.GenerateNonce()
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	// TODO: fix this
 	_, err = models.DBH.Exec(q, user.Id, nonce, claims.Ref, ct)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	// Send out confirmation email
@@ -161,7 +157,7 @@ func (u UserService) Create(e *types.Entity, dummy string, claims *types.Claims)
 		_, _, err := mg.Send(m)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("%+v\n", err)
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -179,16 +175,16 @@ func HandleUserVerify(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 	}
 	if err := models.DBH.SelectOne(&ver, q, nonce); err != nil {
 		log.Print(err)
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	if ver.User_id == 0 {
-		return types.NewJSONError(errors.New("No user found"), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.UserNotFound, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	var user models.User
 	if err := models.DBH.Get(&user, ver.User_id); err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	user.UpdatedAt = helpers.CurrentTime()
@@ -196,16 +192,16 @@ func HandleUserVerify(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 
 	count, err := models.DBH.Update(&user)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	if count != 1 {
-		return types.NewJSONError(errors.New("Count 0"), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.UserNotUpdated, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 
 	q = `DELETE FROM verification WHERE user_id=$1;`
 	_, err = models.DBH.Exec(q, user.Id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintln(w, `{"msg":"All set! Please log in."}`)
 	return nil
@@ -214,16 +210,16 @@ func HandleUserVerify(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 func HandleUserLockout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 	email := r.FormValue("email")
 	if email == "" {
-		return types.NewJSONError(errors.New("missing email"), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(errors.UserMissingEmail, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	token, err := auth.Middleware.CreateToken(email)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	origin := r.Header.Get("Origin")
 	hostUrl, err := url.Parse(origin)
 	if err != nil {
-		return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 	hostUrl.Path += "/users/lockoutauthenticate"
 	params := url.Values{}
@@ -246,7 +242,7 @@ func HandleUserLockout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 		_, _, err := mg.Send(m)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("%+v\n", err)
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/errors/auth.go b/errors/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2471797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	ExpiredToken = errors.New("this token has expired")
+)
diff --git a/errors/characteristics.go b/errors/characteristics.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abeae29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/characteristics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	CharacteristicNotFound   = errors.New("Characteristic not found")
+	CharacteristicNotUpdated = errors.New("Characteristic not updated")
+)
diff --git a/errors/helpers.go b/errors/helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7135380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	MustProvideOptions = errors.New("Must provide necessary options")
+)
diff --git a/errors/measurements.go b/errors/measurements.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d034d59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/measurements.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	MeasurementNotFound = errors.New("Measurement not found")
+)
diff --git a/errors/species.go b/errors/species.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbd8379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/species.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	SpeciesNotFound   = errors.New("Species not found")
+	SpeciesNotUpdated = errors.New("Species not updated")
+)
diff --git a/errors/strains.go b/errors/strains.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fda22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/strains.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	StrainNotFound   = errors.New("Strain not found")
+	StrainNotUpdated = errors.New("Strain not updated")
+)
diff --git a/errors/types.go b/errors/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b237e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	SourceNotByteSlice = errors.New("Scan source was not []byte")
+)
diff --git a/errors/users.go b/errors/users.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a0a59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/errors/users.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package errors
+
+import "errors"
+
+var (
+	UserNotFound           = errors.New("No user found")
+	UserNotUpdated         = errors.New("Count 0")
+	UserMissingEmail       = errors.New("Missing email")
+	InvalidEmailOrPassword = errors.New("Invalid email or password")
+	EmailAddressTaken      = errors.New("Email address is already registered")
+)
diff --git a/handlers/handlers.go b/handlers/handlers.go
index 167d96a..46c5516 100644
--- a/handlers/handlers.go
+++ b/handlers/handlers.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/thermokarst/jwt"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/api"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/auth"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/models"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func verifyClaims(claims []byte, r *http.Request) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if currentTime.After(time.Unix(c.Exp, 0)) {
-		return errors.New("this token has expired")
+		return errors.ExpiredToken
 	}
 	context.Set(r, "claims", c)
 	return nil
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func handleGetter(g api.Getter) errorHandler {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(mux.Vars(r)["Id"], 10, 0)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		claims := helpers.GetClaims(r)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func handleGetter(g api.Getter) errorHandler {
 
 		data, err := e.Marshal()
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		w.Write(data)
 		return nil
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func handleLister(l api.Lister) errorHandler {
 		}
 		data, err := es.Marshal()
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		w.Write(data)
 		return nil
@@ -142,17 +142,17 @@ func handleUpdater(u api.Updater) errorHandler {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(mux.Vars(r)["Id"], 10, 0)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		bodyBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		e, err := u.Unmarshal(bodyBytes)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		claims := helpers.GetClaims(r)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func handleUpdater(u api.Updater) errorHandler {
 
 		data, err := e.Marshal()
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		w.Write(data)
 		return nil
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ func handleCreater(c api.Creater) errorHandler {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 		bodyBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		e, err := c.Unmarshal(bodyBytes)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		claims := helpers.GetClaims(r)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func handleCreater(c api.Creater) errorHandler {
 
 		data, err := e.Marshal()
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		w.Write(data)
 		return nil
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ func handleDeleter(d api.Deleter) errorHandler {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *types.AppError {
 		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(mux.Vars(r)["Id"], 10, 0)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 
 		claims := helpers.GetClaims(r)
@@ -296,12 +296,12 @@ func tokenRefresh(j *jwt.Middleware) errorHandler {
 		claims := helpers.GetClaims(r)
 		user, err := models.DbGetUserById(claims.Sub)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		user.Password = ""
 		token, err := auth.Middleware.CreateToken(user.Email)
 		if err != nil {
-			return types.NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return NewJSONError(err, http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		data, _ := json.Marshal(struct {
 			Token string `json:"token"`
diff --git a/handlers/helpers.go b/handlers/helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acaa24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/handlers/helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package handlers
+
+import "github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
+
+func NewJSONError(err error, status int) *types.AppError {
+	return &types.AppError{
+		Error:  types.ErrorJSON{Err: err},
+		Status: status,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/helpers/helpers.go b/helpers/helpers.go
index a2e5500..c47573a 100644
--- a/helpers/helpers.go
+++ b/helpers/helpers.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package helpers
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
@@ -15,8 +14,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	ErrMustProvideOptions     = errors.New("Must provide necessary options")
-	ErrMustProvideOptionsJSON = types.NewJSONError(ErrMustProvideOptions, http.StatusBadRequest)
 	StatusUnprocessableEntity = 422
 	MustProvideAValue         = "Must provide a value"
 	SchemaDecoder             = schema.NewDecoder()
diff --git a/models/characteristics.go b/models/characteristics.go
index a913c61..a155bc5 100644
--- a/models/characteristics.go
+++ b/models/characteristics.go
@@ -2,19 +2,14 @@ package models
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jmoiron/modl"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrCharacteristicNotFound   = errors.New("Characteristic not found")
-	ErrCharacteristicNotUpdated = errors.New("Characteristic not updated")
-)
-
 func init() {
 	DB.AddTableWithName(CharacteristicBase{}, "characteristics").SetKeys(true, "Id")
 }
@@ -199,7 +194,7 @@ func GetCharacteristic(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (*Character
 		GROUP BY c.id, ct.characteristic_type_name;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&characteristic, q, genus, id); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrCharacteristicNotFound
+			return nil, errors.CharacteristicNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/models/measurements.go b/models/measurements.go
index 1bfa6dd..faa8ea2 100644
--- a/models/measurements.go
+++ b/models/measurements.go
@@ -3,20 +3,14 @@ package models
 import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jmoiron/modl"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrMeasurementNotFound     = errors.New("Measurement not found")
-	ErrMeasurementNotFoundJSON = types.NewJSONError(ErrMeasurementNotFound, http.StatusNotFound)
-)
-
 func init() {
 	DB.AddTableWithName(MeasurementBase{}, "measurements").SetKeys(true, "Id")
 }
@@ -205,7 +199,7 @@ func GetMeasurement(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (*Measurement,
 		WHERE m.id=$2;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&measurement, q, genus, id); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrMeasurementNotFound
+			return nil, errors.MeasurementNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/models/species.go b/models/species.go
index e88faed..e5268f2 100644
--- a/models/species.go
+++ b/models/species.go
@@ -2,20 +2,15 @@ package models
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jmoiron/modl"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrSpeciesNotFound   = errors.New("Species not found")
-	ErrSpeciesNotUpdated = errors.New("Species not updated")
-)
-
 func init() {
 	DB.AddTableWithName(SpeciesBase{}, "species").SetKeys(true, "Id")
 }
@@ -163,7 +158,7 @@ func GetSpecies(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (*Species, error)
 		GROUP BY sp.id, g.genus_name;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&species, q, genus, id); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrSpeciesNotFound
+			return nil, errors.SpeciesNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/models/strains.go b/models/strains.go
index a386031..2269c12 100644
--- a/models/strains.go
+++ b/models/strains.go
@@ -2,20 +2,15 @@ package models
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/jmoiron/modl"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrStrainNotFound   = errors.New("Strain not found")
-	ErrStrainNotUpdated = errors.New("Strain not updated")
-)
-
 func init() {
 	DB.AddTableWithName(StrainBase{}, "strains").SetKeys(true, "Id")
 }
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@ func GetStrain(id int64, genus string, claims *types.Claims) (*Strain, error) {
 		GROUP BY st.id;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&strain, q, genus, id); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrStrainNotFound
+			return nil, errors.StrainNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/models/users.go b/models/users.go
index 1cf56a8..a885de8 100644
--- a/models/users.go
+++ b/models/users.go
@@ -3,21 +3,14 @@ package models
 import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"regexp"
 
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/Godeps/_workspace/src/golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/helpers"
 	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/types"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrUserNotFound           = errors.New("User not found")
-	ErrUserNotUpdated         = errors.New("User not updated")
-	ErrInvalidEmailOrPassword = errors.New("Invalid email or password")
-	ErrEmailAddressTaken      = errors.New("Email address already registered")
-)
-
 func init() {
 	DB.AddTableWithName(UserBase{}, "users").SetKeys(true, "Id")
 }
@@ -114,10 +107,10 @@ func DbAuthenticate(email string, password string) error {
 		AND verified IS TRUE
 		AND deleted_at IS NULL;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&user, q, email); err != nil {
-		return ErrInvalidEmailOrPassword
+		return errors.InvalidEmailOrPassword
 	}
 	if err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(user.Password), []byte(password)); err != nil {
-		return ErrInvalidEmailOrPassword
+		return errors.InvalidEmailOrPassword
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -131,7 +124,7 @@ func DbGetUserById(id int64) (*User, error) {
 		AND deleted_at IS NULL;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&user, q, id); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrUserNotFound
+			return nil, errors.UserNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -148,7 +141,7 @@ func DbGetUserByEmail(email string) (*User, error) {
 		AND deleted_at IS NULL;`
 	if err := DBH.SelectOne(&user, q, email); err != nil {
 		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, ErrUserNotFound
+			return nil, errors.UserNotFound
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/types/error_json.go b/types/error_json.go
index 45e4f9f..439eaf4 100644
--- a/types/error_json.go
+++ b/types/error_json.go
@@ -19,10 +19,3 @@ type AppError struct {
 	Error  error
 	Status int
 }
-
-func NewJSONError(err error, status int) *AppError {
-	return &AppError{
-		Error:  ErrorJSON{Err: err},
-		Status: status,
-	}
-}
diff --git a/types/null_slice_int64.go b/types/null_slice_int64.go
index fb1ce87..1c71c8d 100644
--- a/types/null_slice_int64.go
+++ b/types/null_slice_int64.go
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 package types
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/thermokarst/bactdb/errors"
 )
 
 type NullSliceInt64 []int64
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ type NullSliceInt64 []int64
 func (i *NullSliceInt64) Scan(src interface{}) error {
 	asBytes, ok := src.([]byte)
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.New("Scan source was not []byte")
+		return errors.SourceNotByteSlice
 	}
 	asString := string(asBytes)
 	(*i) = strToIntSlice(asString)